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Following infection with HIV, the rate of clinical disease progression varies enormously between individuals. Many factors such as host susceptibility and immune function, [2] [3] [4] health care and co-infections, [5] [6] [7] as well as factors relating to the viral strain [8] [9] may affect the rate of clinical disease progression.
WHO Disease Staging System for HIV Infection and Disease was first produced in 1990 by the World Health Organization [1] and updated in 2007. [2] It is an approach for use in resource limited settings and is widely used in Africa and Asia and has been a useful research tool in studies of progression to symptomatic HIV disease .
Figure 1. Early Symptoms of HIV. The stages of HIV infection are acute infection (also known as primary infection), latency, and AIDS.Acute infection lasts for several weeks and may include symptoms such as fever, swollen lymph nodes, inflammation of the throat, rash, muscle pain, malaise, and mouth and esophageal sores.
The serial interval in the epidemiology of communicable (infectious) diseases is the time between successive cases in a chain of transmission. [1]The serial interval is generally estimated from the interval between clinical onsets (if observable), in which case it is the 'clinical onset serial interval'.
The period from the time of infection to the time of becoming infectious is called the pre-infectious period or the latent period. During the pre-infectious or latent period, a host may or may not show symptoms (i.e. the incubation period may or may not be over), but in both cases, the host is not capable of infecting other hosts i.e ...
Following infection with HIV-1, the rate of clinical disease progression varies between individuals.Factors such as host susceptibility, genetics and immune function, [1] health care and co-infections [2] as well as viral genetic variability [3] may affect the rate of progression to the point of needing to take medication in order not to develop AIDS.
After the latency period (but before clinical infection) the infected person can transmit the disease without signs of any symptoms. Such infection is called subclinical infection. Incubation period (also known as the latent period or latency period ) is the time elapsed between exposure to a pathogenic organism, a chemical, or radiation , and ...
Serious bacterial infections, multiple or recurrent (i.e., any combination of at least two culture-confirmed infections within a 2-year period), of the following types: sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, bone or joint infection, or abscess of an internal organ or body cavity (excluding otitis media, superficial skin or mucosal abscesses, and ...