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2. Needle valve - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Needle_valve

   Needle valves are usually used in flow-metering applications, especially when a constant, calibrated, low flow rate must be maintained for some time, such as the idle fuel flow in a carburettor. Note that the float valve of a carburettor (controlling the fuel level within the carburettor) is not a needle valve, although it is commonly described ...

3. Soil mechanics - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_mechanics

   Soil mechanics is used to analyze the deformations of and flow of fluids within natural and man-made structures that are supported on or made of soil, or structures that are buried in soils. [6] Example applications are building and bridge foundations, retaining walls, dams, and buried pipeline systems.

4. Physical properties of soil - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_properties_of_soil

   Soil bulk density, when determined at standardized moisture conditions, is an estimate of soil compaction. [3] Soil porosity consists of the void part of the soil volume and is occupied by gases or water. Soil consistency is the ability of soil materials to stick together. Soil temperature and colour are self-defining.

5. Piping and plumbing fitting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piping_and_plumbing_fitting

   Valves stop (or regulate) the flow of liquids or gases. They are categorized by application, such as isolation, throttling, and non-return. Isolation valves temporarily disconnect part of a piping system to allow maintenance or repair, for example. Isolation valves are typically left in either a fully open or closed position.

6. Block and bleed manifold - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Block_and_bleed_manifold

   A Block and bleed manifold is a hydraulic manifold that combines one or more block/isolate valves, usually ball valves, and one or more bleed/vent valves, usually ball or needle valves, into one component for interface with other components (pressure measurement transmitters, gauges, switches, etc.) of a hydraulic system. The purpose of the ...

7. Capillary pressure - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capillary_pressure

   For example, needle ice, seen in cold soil, occurs via capillary action. The first major contributions to the study of needle ice, or simply, frost heaving were made by Stephen Taber (1929) and Gunnar Beskow (1935), who independently aimed to understand soil freezing. Taber’s initial work was related to understanding how the size of pores ...

8. Soil science - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_science

   A soil scientist examining horizons within a soil profile. Soil science is the study of soil as a natural resource on the surface of the Earth including soil formation, classification and mapping; physical, chemical, biological, and fertility properties of soils; and these properties in relation to the use and management of soils.

9. Soil morphology - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soil_morphology

   Since the origin of agriculture, humans have understood that soils contain different properties which affect their ability to grow crops. [4] However, soil science did not become its own scientific discipline until the 19th century, and even then early soil scientists were broadly grouped as either "agro-chemists" or "agro-geologists" due to the enduring strong ties of soil to agriculture.