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This shape, viewing the limbs, is designed to take into account the construction materials, the performance required, and the intended use of the bow. There are many different kinds of bow shapes. However, most fall into three main categories: straight, recurve and compound. Straight and recurve are considered traditional bows.
The wooden core gives the bow its shape and dimensional stability. It is often made of multiple pieces, joined with animal glue in V-splices, so the wood must accept glue well. Pieced construction allows the sharp bends that many designs require, and the use of woods with different mechanical properties for the bending and nonbending sections.
The flatbow is a superior bow design for almost all materials because the stress is more evenly spread out than with rounded limb sections. A bow limb is essentially a flexed beam undergoing bending, and in any flexed beam the farther from the neutral axis (line in the middle of the flexing beam which is not under tension or compression: see diagram in Bending article) the more stress there is ...
To shape the curve or "camber" of the bow stick, the maker carefully heats the stick in an alcohol flame, a few inches at a time, bending the heated stick gradually—using a metal or wooden template to get the model's exact curve and shape. The art of making wooden bows has changed little since the 19th century.
The bow stave is shaped to have a D cross-section. The outer "back" of sapwood, approximately flat, follows the natural growth rings; modern bowyers often thin the sapwood, while in the Mary Rose bows the back of the bow was the natural surface of the wood, only the
The bows are generally between 170 and 180 cm in length and less than 6 cm wide. [2] [3] It has been suggested that only the inner limbs of a Holmegaard style bow bend in use, [4] [5] but this is incorrect, they bend to their tips. [6] All Mesolithic bows from this area are made of elm, the best European bow wood apart from yew.
Compound bows are typically constructed of man-made materials such as fiberglass and carbon fiber, while traditional bows and warbows usually are entirely or partially made of wood or bamboo. The pulley/cam system grants the user a mechanical advantage , and so the limbs of a compound bow are much stiffer than those of a recurve bow or longbow .
The bow is dated to the 3rd century BCE. The modern Japanese yumi is a laminated bow. Laminated bows in Japan first appeared around 1000 CE, during the late Heian or Kamakura period. They were made of wood and bamboo laminated with glue, evolving from simple bamboo-backed bows to complex bows of five piece construction (higo yumi) by the 1600s. [4]
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