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In vehicle accidents, drivers and front seat passengers are at highest risk for facial trauma. [10] Facial fractures are distributed in a fairly normal curve by age, with a peak incidence occurring between ages 20 and 40, and children under 12 have only 5–10% of all facial fractures. [31]
Facial bruising, periorbital ecchymosis, soft tissue gas, swelling, trismus, altered mastication, diplopia, and ophthalmoplegia are other indirect features of the injury. [1] The zygomatic arch usually fractures at its weakest point, 1.5 cm behind the zygomaticotemporal suture.
Symptoms may include bruising behind the ears, bruising around the eyes, or blood behind the ear drum. [1] A cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak occurs in about 20% of cases and may result in fluid leaking from the nose or ear. [1] Meningitis occurs in about 14% of cases. [2] Other complications include injuries to the cranial nerves or blood ...
The name refers to the dark-colored bruising which is the result of accumulated blood and fluid in the loose areolar tissue following a blow to the head. This blood tracks freely under the scalp producing a generalised swelling over the dome of the skull but cannot pass into either occipital or the temple regions because of the bony attachments ...
Symptoms of a broken nose include bruising, swelling, tenderness, pain, deformity, and/or bleeding of the nose and nasal region of the face. The patient may have difficulty breathing, or excessive nosebleeds (if the nasal mucosa are damaged). The patient may also have bruising around one or both eyes.
A bruise, also known as a contusion, is a type of hematoma of tissue, [3] the most common cause being capillaries damaged by trauma, causing localized bleeding that extravasates into the surrounding interstitial tissues. Most bruises occur close enough to the epidermis such that the bleeding causes a visible discoloration.
An abrasion is a partial thickness wound caused by damage to the skin. [1] It can be superficial involving only the epidermis to deep, involving the deep dermis. Abrasions usually involve minimal bleeding. [2]
An orbital blowout fracture is a traumatic deformity of the orbital floor or medial wall that typically results from the impact of a blunt object larger than the orbital aperture, or eye socket. [1]