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ETDRS Chart 1, one of the three logMAR chart models designed by Ferris, Kassoff, Bresnick, and Bailey for use in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). Chart and optotype dimensions in millimeters precisely as specified by Ferris et al. (1982). LogMAR and VAR values after Baliey & Lovie (2013).
Diabetic retinopathy (also known as diabetic eye disease) is a medical condition in which damage occurs to the retina due to diabetes.It is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries and one of the lead causes of sight loss in the world, even though there are many new therapies and improved treatments for helping people live with diabetes.
The chart was designed by Ian Bailey [5] and Jan E. Lovie-Kitchin at the National Vision Research Institute of Australia. [1] [3] They described their motivation for designing the LogMAR chart as follows: "We have designed a series of near vision charts in which the typeface, size progression, size range, number of words per row and spacings were chosen in an endeavour to achieve a ...
Rick Ferris et al. of the National Eye Institute chooses the LogMAR chart layout, implemented with Sloan letters, to establish a standardized method of visual acuity measurement for the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS). These charts are used in all subsequent clinical studies, and did much to familiarize the profession with ...
Intraretinal microvascular abnormalities (IRMA) are abnormalities of the blood vessels that supply the retina of the eye, a sign of diabetic retinopathy. [1] IRMA can be difficult to distinguish from and is likely a precursor to retinal neovascularization. One way to distinguish IRMA from retinal neovascularization is to perform fluorescein ...
[13] [14] Results of using laser coagulation to treat diabetic retinopathy were first published in 1954. [2] [15] Conventional macular focal and grid laser photocoagulation were established as the treatment of choice for diabetic macular edema in the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS), which was published in 1985. [2] [16]
the 2008 observation, that non-diabetic first-degree relatives of diabetics had elevated enzyme levels associated with diabetic renal disease [60] and nephropathy. [61] the 2007 finding that non-diabetic family members of type 1 diabetics had increased risk for microvascular complications, [62] such as diabetic retinopathy [63]
The causes of macular edema are numerous and different causes may be inter-related. It is commonly associated with diabetes.Chronic or uncontrolled diabetes type 2 can affect peripheral blood vessels including those of the retina which may leak fluid, blood and occasionally fats into the retina causing it to swell.
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