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Chemical coloring of metals is the process of changing the color of metal surfaces with different chemical solutions. The chemical coloring of metals can be split into three types: electroplating – coating the metal surface with another metal using electrolysis. patination – chemically reacting the metal surface to form a colored oxide or ...
Electrowinning, the extraction of metal from ores [2] Electrorefining, the purification of metals. [2] Metal powder production by electrodeposition is included in this category, or sometimes electrowinning, or a separate category depending on application. [2] Electroplating, the deposition of a layer of one metal on another [2]
The metal is deposited on the cathode. In a practical sense, this idealized process is complicated by some or all of the following considerations: the metal content is low (a few percent is typical), other metals deposit competitively with the desired one, the ore is not easily or efficiently dissolved.
Electroplating, also known as electrochemical deposition or electrodeposition, is a process for producing a metal coating on a solid substrate through the reduction of cations of that metal by means of a direct electric current.
In some cases, it is desirable to co-deposit two or more metals resulting in an electroplated alloy deposit. Depending on the alloy system, an electroplated alloy may be solid solution strengthened or precipitation hardened by heat treatment to improve the plating's physical and chemical properties. Nickel-Cobalt is a common electroplated alloy.
Certain metals, such as zinc, may become embrittled from the hydrogen gas which is evolved at the cathode. The anodic process avoids this effect since oxygen is being generated at the anode. The major advantages that are normally touted for the cathodic processes are: Higher levels of corrosion protection are possible.
Copper electroplating baths can be used to plate either a strike or flash coating, which is a thin highly-adherent initial layer that is plated with additional layers of metal and that serves to improve adhesion of the subsequent layers to the underlying substrate, or a thicker coating of copper that may serve as the finish layer or as a ...
A schematic representation of Clark's 1962 invention, the Oxygen Electrode. The Clark electrode [1] [2] is an electrode that measures ambient oxygen partial pressure in a liquid using a catalytic platinum surface according to the net reaction: [3]