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In essence the term refers to one who places racism squarely in the past. Whiteness is a vague racial-socio-economic category that has shifted definition over time. In the early-mid 20th century the category of whiteness was expanded to include people of Irish , Slavic , Greek , Jewish , and various other backgrounds which had previously been ...
The word "race", interpreted to mean an identifiable group of people who share a common descent, was introduced into English in the 16th century from the Old French rasse (1512), from Italian razza: the Oxford English Dictionary cites the earliest example around the mid-16th century and defines its early meaning as a "group of people belonging to the same family and descended from a common ...
Racism is a complex concept that can involve each of those; but it cannot be equated with, nor is it synonymous, with these other terms. [ citation needed ] The term is often used in relation to what is seen as prejudice within a minority or subjugated group, as in the concept of reverse racism .
In the context of racism in the United States, racism against African Americans dates back to the colonial era, and it continues to be a persistent issue in American society in the 21st century. From the arrival of the first Africans in early colonial times until after the American Civil War , most African Americans were enslaved .
For example, the Population Registration Act, 1950 was used to enforce the apartheid system in South Africa, and Brazil has set up boards to assign a racial category to people for the purpose of enforcing racial quotas. [7] Because of genetic variation, skin color, and other features of physical appearance can vary considerably even among siblings.
The Spanish sociologist Ramón Flecha instead used the term "postmodern racism". [6] Étienne Balibar's concept of "neo-racism" was an early formulation of what later became widely termed "cultural racism". The term "racism" is one of the most controversial and ambiguous words used within the social sciences. [7]
Race; History; Historical concepts; Biblical terminology for race; Society; Color terminology; Race relations; Racialization; Racism (scientific racism); Racial ...
Without reckoning with race, it's impossible to understand how Europeans and Americans engineered the most complete and enduring dehumanization of a people in history