Search results
Results from the WOW.Com Content Network
The guidelines stipulate that PM 2.5 should not exceed 5 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 15 μg/m 3 24-hour mean; and that PM 10 should not exceed 15 μg/m 3 annual mean, or 45 μg/m 3 24-hour mean. [2] For ozone (O 3 ), the guidelines suggest values no higher than 100 μg/m 3 for an 8-hour mean and 60 μg/m 3 peak season mean. [ 2 ]
Worldwide, PM 10 concentrations of 70 μg/m 3 and PM 2.5 concentrations of 35 μg/m 3 have been shown to increase long-term mortality by 15%. [29] More so, approximately 4.2 million of all premature deaths observed in 2016 occurred due to airborne particulate pollution, 91% of which occurred in countries with low to middle socioeconomic status.
An alternative measurement for particulates, particle number, expresses the concentration in terms of the number of particles per volume of air instead, which can be a more meaningful way of assessing the health harms of highly toxic ultrafine particles (PM 0.1, less than 0.1 μm in diameter).
An air quality measurement station in Edinburgh, ... PM 10 1 day 50 μg/m 3: 1 year 25 μg/m 3: PM 2.5 ... 2 5 160 100 35 100 150 500 80 200 150 4 10
Maternal PM 2.5 exposure during pregnancy is also associated with high blood pressure in children. [220] Inhalation of PM 2.5 – PM 10 is associated with elevated risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as low birth weight. [221] Exposure to PM 2.5 has been associated with greater reductions in birth weight than exposure to PM 10. [222]
PM 10, coarse particles: 2.5 micrometers (μm) to 10 μm in size (although current implementation includes all particles 10 μm or less in the standard) PM 2.5, fine particles: 2.5 μm in size or less. Particulate Matter (PM) was listed in the 1996 Criteria document issued by the EPA.
Now, the depth of Trump's swing was somewhat shallower than Obama's 2008 win, which isn't necessarily surprising considering 2008 saw a bigger overall swing nationally (9.7 points to the left).
The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) is a type of air quality index used in Singapore, which is a number used to indicate the level of pollutants in air.Initially PSI was based on five air pollutants, but since 1 April 2014 it has also included fine particulate matter (PM 2.5).