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Restrictive lung diseases are a category of extrapulmonary, pleural, or parenchymal respiratory diseases that restrict lung expansion, [2] resulting in a decreased lung volume, an increased work of breathing, and inadequate ventilation and/or oxygenation. Pulmonary function test demonstrates a decrease in the forced vital capacity.
Respiratory diseases, or lung diseases, [1] are pathological conditions affecting the organs and tissues that make gas exchange difficult in air-breathing animals. They include conditions of the respiratory tract including the trachea , bronchi , bronchioles , alveoli , pleurae , pleural cavity , the nerves and muscles of respiration .
Diseases of the Respiratory System IX 520–579: Diseases of the Digestive System X 580–629: Diseases of the Genitourinary System XI 630–679: Complications of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and the Puerperium XII 680–709: Diseases of the Skin and Subcutaneous Tissue XIII 710–739: Diseases of the Musculoskeletal System and Connective Tissue XIV ...
On spirometry, as a restrictive lung disease, both the FEV1 (forced expiratory volume in 1 second) and FVC (forced vital capacity) are reduced so the FEV1/FVC ratio is normal or even increased, in contrast to obstructive lung disease, where this ratio is reduced. The values for residual volume and total lung capacity are generally decreased in ...
In combination with other physiological measurements, the vital capacity can help make a diagnosis of underlying lung disease. Furthermore, the vital capacity is used to determine the severity of respiratory muscle involvement in neuromuscular disease, and can guide treatment decisions in Guillain–Barré syndrome and myasthenic crisis.
[1] [2] The three most common types are asbestosis, silicosis, and coal miner's lung. [3] Pneumoconiosis often causes restrictive impairment, [4] although diagnosable pneumoconiosis can occur without measurable impairment of lung function. [1] [2] Depending on extent and severity, it may cause death within months or years, or it may never ...
If a fibrothorax is severe, the thickening may restrict the lung on the affected side causing a loss of lung volume. [7] Additionally, the mediastinum may be physically shifted toward the affected side. [3] A reduction in the size of one side of the chest (hemithorax) on an X-ray or CT scan of the chest suggests chronic scarring. [6]
Extrapulmonary restriction is a type of restrictive lung disease, indicated by decreased alveolar ventilation with accompanying hypercapnia.It is characterized as an inhibition to the drive to breathe, or an ineffective restoration of the drive to breathe.