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Fifth disease, also known as erythema infectiosum and slapped cheek syndrome, [3] is a common and contagious disease caused by infection with parvovirus B19. [4] This virus was discovered in 1975 and can cause other diseases besides fifth disease. [ 5 ]
It is the classic cause of the childhood rash called fifth disease or erythema infectiosum, or "slapped face syndrome". [5] [6] The name comes from it being the fifth in a list of historical classifications of common skin rash illnesses in children. [7] The virus was discovered by chance in 1975 by Australian virologist Yvonne Cossart.
Fifth Disease, or parvovirus B19, also known as erythema infectiosum. Roseola, a viral infection occasionally still called Sixth disease, which can cause high fever and rash.
The virus is commonly known as Fifth Disease “because it was the fifth in a list of common childhood rash illnesses, which also included measles, scarlet fever, rubella and roseola,” says ...
Human parvoviruses are less severe, the two most notable being parvovirus B19, which causes a variety of illnesses including fifth disease in children, and human bocavirus 1, which is a common cause of acute respiratory tract illness, especially in young children.
A 2022 statement from the World Health Organization (WHO), defines the term this way: “Disease X is [used] to indicate an unknown pathogen that could cause a serious international epidemic.”
The lack of written records in many places and the destruction of many native societies by disease, war, and colonization make estimates uncertain. Deaths probably numbered in the tens or perhaps over a hundred million, with perhaps 90% of the population dead in the worst-hit areas.
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