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A texture map (left). The corresponding normal map in tangent space (center). The normal map applied to a sphere in object space (right). Normal map reuse is made possible by encoding maps in tangent space. The tangent space is a vector space, which is tangent to the model's surface. The coordinate system varies smoothly (based on the ...
The other method is to specify a normal map which contains the modified normal for each point on the surface directly. Since the normal is specified directly instead of derived from a height map this method usually leads to more predictable results. This makes it easier for artists to work with, making it the most common method of bump mapping ...
A texture map [5] [6] is an image applied (mapped) to the surface of a shape or polygon. [7] This may be a bitmap image or a procedural texture . They may be stored in common image file formats , referenced by 3D model formats or material definitions , and assembled into resource bundles .
Filter Forge also includes rendering options such as anti-aliasing, bump maps and normal maps, environment mapping, ambient occlusion, seamless tiling, and a text-based batch renderer. Users can randomize or control specific parameters of each filter through sliders, color pickers, and checkboxes. Sets of parameter values can be saved as presets.
Parallax mapping with shadows. Parallax mapping (also called offset mapping or virtual displacement mapping) is an enhancement of the bump mapping or normal mapping techniques applied to textures in 3D rendering applications such as video games.
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Most modern 3D computer modelling programs are capable of using data from heightmaps in the form of bump, normal, or displacement maps to quickly and precisely create complex terrain and other surfaces. In the earliest games using software rendering, the elements often represented heights of columns of voxels rendered with ray casting.
/Locator maps: Blank area for creating Locator maps. Based on simplified Location maps. A province in the country (when the blank map is actually filled). /Area maps (en) Maps that highlight one subject area, primarily for species distributions. Locator maps: a country (red) in its region and in the world (corner map).