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Different biological effects are observed for different types of non-ionizing radiation. [6] [8] [7] The upper frequencies (lower energy ultraviolet) of non-ionizing radiation are capable of non-thermal biological damage, similar to ionizing radiation. It is still to be proven that non-thermal effects of radiation of much lower frequencies ...
In 2009, the US TSA introduced full-body scanners as a primary screening modality in airport security, first as backscatter X-ray scanners, which use ionizing radiation and which the European Union banned in 2011 due to health and safety concerns. These were followed by non-ionizing millimeter wave scanners. [39]
Wireless headphones emit non-ionizing radiation, a different form of radiation for which limited exposure is not considered a health threat but Exposure to ionizing radiation—the type emitted ...
The side effects of radiotherapy on fertility are a growing concern to patients undergoing radiotherapy as cancer treatments. Radiotherapy is essential for certain cancer treatments and often is the first point of call for patients. [1] Radiation can be divided into two categories: ionising radiation (IR) and non-ionising radiation (NIR). IR is ...
The more dangerous types of radiation, such as the ones that come from nuclear bombs or other nuclear material, are ionizing.” Ionizing radiation causes DNA damage, and cancer can develop as a ...
There are many proposed national and international standards, but that of the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) is the most respected one, and has been adopted so far by more than 80 countries. For radio stations, ICNIRP proposes two safety levels: one for occupational exposure, another one for the general ...
No effects of MRI on the fetus have been demonstrated. [49] As opposed to many other forms of medical imaging in pregnancy, MRI avoids the use of ionizing radiation, to which the fetus is particularly sensitive. As a precaution, however, many guidelines recommend pregnant women only undergo MRI when essential, especially during the first trimester.
The effect of non-ionizing forms of radiation on living tissue has only recently been studied. Nevertheless, different biological effects are observed for different types of non-ionizing radiation. [4] [6] Even "non-ionizing" radiation is capable of causing thermal-ionization if it deposits enough heat to raise temperatures to ionization energies.