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An alternative process involving direct reduced iron (DRI) is likely to succeed it, [citation needed] but this also needs to use a blast furnace to melt the iron and remove the gangue (impurities) unless the ore is very high quality.
The Chinese are thought to have skipped the bloomery process completely, starting with the blast furnace and the finery forge to produce wrought iron; by the fifth century BC, metalworkers in the southern state of Wu had invented the blast furnace and the means to both cast iron and to decarburize the carbon-rich pig iron produced in a blast ...
This process was gradually succeeded, from the 1st century in China and the 13th century in Europe, by the blast furnace, which simultaneously reduces and melts iron. [ 3 ] Elaborate low furnaces, such as the tatara or the Catalan forge , survived until the early 19th century. [ 1 ]
For blast furnaces, direct reduction corresponds to the reduction of oxides by the carbon in the coke. However, in practice, direct reduction only plays a significant role in the final stage of iron reduction in a blast furnace, by helping to reduce wustite (FeO) to iron. In this case, the chemical reaction can be trivially described as follows ...
Typically, the feedstock was fed into a water jacket furnace through a sliding door arrangement in the side of the upper furnace structure, [4] but not via the top itself as in a blast furnace for iron. At the top of a water jacket furnace there was a fixed flue. The off-gas contained a large proportion of sulphur dioxide and was not suitable ...
The furnace produced pig iron, firebacks and domestic iron wares before accepting a contract for cannon production in support of George Washington’s Continental Army.
The Bessemer process was the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace. The key principle is removal of impurities from the iron by oxidation with air being blown through the molten iron.
The blast furnace was first mothballed in 2010 but restarted two years later when SSI UK took over. It was shut down for a final time in 2015 when SSI entered liquidation – with the loss of ...