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Basic oxygen steelmaking is a primary steelmaking process for converting molten pig iron into steel by blowing oxygen through a lance over the molten pig iron inside the converter. Exothermic heat is generated by the oxidation reactions during blowing. The basic oxygen steel-making process is as follows:
To reduce the carbon content in pig iron and obtain the desired carbon content of steel, it is re-melted and oxygen is blown through in basic oxygen steelmaking. In this step, the oxygen binds with the undesired carbon, carrying it away in the form of CO 2 gas, an additional emission source. After this step, the carbon content in the pig iron ...
Their process was known as the Siemens–Martin process or Martin–Siemens process, and the furnace as an "open-hearth" furnace. Most open hearth furnaces were closed by the early 1990s, not least because of their slow operation, being replaced by the basic oxygen furnace or electric arc furnace .
Robert Durrer (1890–1978) was a Swiss engineer who invented the basic oxygen steelmaking process (the Linz-Donawitz process, named after the towns where the technology was commercialized) during his career in Nazi Germany. The process was successfully tested by Durrer in 1948.
The hot metal was then poured into a steelmaking vessel to produce steel, typically an electric arc furnace, induction furnace or basic oxygen furnace, where the excess carbon is burned off and the alloy composition controlled. Earlier processes for this included the finery forge, the puddling furnace, the Bessemer process, and the open hearth ...
Finally, the basic oxygen process was introduced at the Voest-Alpine works in 1952; a modification of the basic Bessemer process, it lances oxygen from above the steel (instead of bubbling air from below), reducing the amount of nitrogen uptake into the steel. The basic oxygen process is used in all modern steelworks; the last Bessemer ...
It was eventually superseded by basic oxygen steelmaking. In the U.S., commercial steel production using this method stopped in 1968. It was replaced by processes such as the basic oxygen (Linz–Donawitz) process, which offered better control of final chemistry. The Bessemer process was so fast (10–20 minutes for a heat) that it allowed ...
Three top-blown basic oxygen process (BOP) vessels; Three bottom-blown BOP (Q-BOP) vessels; Vacuum degasser; Three ladle metallurgy facilities; Four continuous slab casters; An 84" hot strip mill; Hot-rolled temper mill; Both 80" and 84" pickle lines; A 52" six-stand and an 80" five-stand cold-reduction mills; Electrolytic cleaning line; Three ...