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The Republican Party (French: Parti républicain, [paʁti ʁepyblikɛ̃], PR) was a liberal-conservative [2] political party in France which existed from 1977 to 1997. Created by the then-President of France, Valéry Giscard d'Estaing, it replaced the National Federation of the Independent Republicans which was founded in 1966. [3]
Despite Le Pen's success in the 2002 presidential election, his party has been weakened by Bruno Mégret's spin-out, leading to the creation of the National Republican Movement, as well as by the concurrence of Philippe de Villiers' Movement for France, and also by the internal struggles concerning Le Pen's forthcoming succession. [94]
The Republicans (French: Les Républicains, [le ʁepyblikɛ̃], LR) [b] is a liberal-conservative political party in France, largely inspired by the tradition of Gaullism. [6] [2] [7] The party was formed in 2015 as the refoundation of the Union for a Popular Movement (UMP), which had been established in 2002 under the leadership of the then-president of France, Jacques Chirac.
The Regency of Algiers became a de facto Independent stratocracy, with power vested first in the agha, appointed as president of the diwan, then the Dey of Algiers from 1671 onward. [2] [3] United States: 4 March 1789: The present U.S. constitution became effective, establishing the current U.S. government. [4] France: 21 September 1792
The Radical Party and especially the "republican" parties (Democratic Republican Alliance, Republican Federation, National Centre of Independents and Peasants, Independent Republicans, Republican Party, and Liberal Democracy) have since embraced liberalism, including its economic version, and have mostly joined either the Union for a Popular ...
Since 2014, the party has established itself as a major party in France, finishing in first place in the 2014 and 2019 European elections as well as in the 2015 local elections, [1] though the party failed to win government in any regions due to the last-ditch alliance between the centre-left and the centre-right coalitions in Hauts-de-France ...
The Republican Experiment, 1848–1852 (The Cambridge History of Modern France) (1983) excerpt and text search; Amann, Peter H. "Writings on the Second French Republic." Journal of Modern History 34.4 (1962): 409–429. Clark, Christopher (2023). Revolutionary Spring: Fighting for a New World 1848–1849. Penguin Random House. Furet, François.
Nester, William R. De Gaulle's Legacy: The Art of Power in France's Fifth Republic (2014) Praud, Jocelyne and Sandrine Dauphin, eds. Parity Democracy: Women's Political Representation in Fifth Republic France (2011) Raymond, Gino G., The French Communist Party During Fifth Republic: A Crisis of Leadership and Ideology. (Palgrave Macmillan, 2005)