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  2. Mind–body dualism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindbody_dualism

    In the philosophy of mind, mindbody dualism denotes either the view that mental phenomena are non-physical, [1] or that the mind and body are distinct and separable. [2] Thus, it encompasses a set of views about the relationship between mind and matter, as well as between subject and object, and is contrasted with other positions, such as physicalism and enactivism, in the mindbody problem.

  3. Mind–body problem - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindbody_problem

    Illustration of mindbody dualism by René Descartes. Inputs are passed by the sensory organs to the pineal gland, and from there to the immaterial spirit. The mindbody problem is a philosophical problem concerning the relationship between thought and consciousness in the human mind and body. [1] [2]

  4. Interactionism (philosophy of mind) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interactionism_(philosophy...

    In the 20th century, its most significant defenders have been the noted philosopher of science Karl Popper and the neurophysiologist John Carew Eccles. [4] Popper, in fact, divided reality into three "worlds"—the physical, the mental, and objective knowledge (outside the mind)—all of which interact, [5] and Eccles adopted this same "trialist" form of interactionism. [6]

  5. Philosophy of mind - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophy_of_mind

    [1] [2] [3] Aspects of the mind that are studied include mental events, mental functions, mental properties, consciousness and its neural correlates, the ontology of the mind, the nature of cognition and of thought, and the relationship of the mind to the body. Dualism and monism are the two central schools of thought on the mindbody problem ...

  6. Neutral monism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutral_monism

    The mindbody problem is the problem of explaining how mind relates to matter. The hard problem is a related philosophical problem targeted at physicalist theories of mind specifically: the problem arises because it is not obvious how a purely physical universe could give rise to conscious experience. This is because physical explanations are ...

  7. Leibniz's gap - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz's_Gap

    In the philosophy of mind, Leibniz's gap is the problem that thoughts cannot be observed or perceived solely by examining brain properties, events, and processes. Here the word "gap" is a metaphor of a subquestion regarding the mindbody problem that allegedly must be answered in order to reach a more profound understanding of qualia, consciousness and emergence.

  8. Logical behaviorism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical_behaviorism

    Ryle believes that mind-body dualism mistakenly puts the mind in the category of a 'thing', a non-physical entity that exists, driving our actions. But, says Ryle, the mind is not a thing. It is simply a way of talking about behaviour, specifically the dispositions of people to act in certain ways.

  9. Psychophysical parallelism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysical_parallelism

    Causal closure iterating that the physical and mental world cannot interact presents an obvious issue in regard to dualism. In the world of dualism, the mind and body are two entirely separate constituents which continuously interact with each other, in order for the human being to function as a whole.