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Antivenom, also known as antivenin, venom antiserum, and antivenom immunoglobulin, is a specific treatment for envenomation. It is composed of antibodies and used to treat certain venomous bites and stings. [1] Antivenoms are recommended only if there is significant toxicity or a high risk of toxicity. [1]
Snake antivenom is a medication made up of antibodies used to treat snake bites by venomous snakes. [1] It is a type of antivenom . It is a biological product that typically consists of venom neutralizing antibodies derived from a host animal, such as a horse or sheep.
The most common use of antiserum in humans is as antitoxin or antivenom to treat envenomation. [citation needed] Serum therapy, also known as serotherapy, describes the treatment of infectious disease using the serum of animals that have been immunized against the specific organisms or their product, to which the disease is supposedly referable.
The six-eyed sand spiders of southern Africa in the genus Hexophthalma and Sicarius from South America inject a cytotoxic venom, that contains sphingomyelinase D, [36] for which there is currently no antivenom. Fortunately, this specimen rarely interacts with humans, and is seldom known to bite.
Duke Health is a trial site for a drug that could be the first universal antivenom to treat any kind of snake bite — including North Carolina’s ubiquitous copperhead.
The availability of antivenom is a major concern in some areas, including most of Africa, due to economic reasons (antivenom crisis). [52] In Sub-Saharan Africa, the efficacy of antivenom is often poorly characterised and some of the few available products have even been found to lack effectiveness.
An antidote is a substance that can counteract a form of poisoning. [1] The term ultimately derives from the Greek term φάρμακον ἀντίδοτον (pharmakon antidoton), "(medicine) given as a remedy".
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