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According to a paper published by the National Bureau of Economic Research, the Clean Water Act has been one of the most controversial regulations in the history of the United States. The paper suggests that it remains uncertain whether the Clean Water Act has been efficacious, or if there has been any discernible reduction in water pollution.
The Clean Water Act (CWA) was the first federal law designed to directly address water pollution. The CWA has been amended many times, but the 1972 amendments provide the core statutory basis for the regulation of point source water pollution and created the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit program. [ 23 ]
The 1966 Clean Water Restoration Act authorized a study to determine the effects of pollution on wildlife, recreation, and water supplies. The Act also set forth guidelines for abatement of water that may flow into international territory and prohibited the dumping of oil into navigable waters of the United States. [16] The Water Quality ...
The history of water supply and sanitation is one of a logistical challenge to provide clean water and sanitation systems since the dawn of civilization. Where water resources, infrastructure or sanitation systems were insufficient, diseases spread and people fell sick or died prematurely. Astronaut Jack Lousma taking a shower in space, 1974
The first statutory environmental law was the Rivers and Harbors Act of 1899, which has been largely superseded by the Clean Water Act. However, most current major environmental statutes, such as the federal statutes listed above, were passed during the modern environmental movement spanning the late 1960s through the early 1980s.
Aqua America Chairman: Private Investment Played Key Role in Success of Clean Water Act WASHINGTON--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Aqua America, Inc. (NYS: WTR) Chairman and CEO Nicholas DeBenedictis said ...
The act also requires water systems to issue annual water quality reports to customers. “This protects the health of our drinking water supplies, and mostly just protects us,” Kauffman says.
Furthermore, the 2nd Circuit cited the Supreme Court’s 1987 holding in International Paper Co. v. Ouellette that the Clean Water Act “has been interpreted to permit only state lawsuits brought ...