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Material traceability is important to the aerospace, nuclear, and process industry because they frequently make use of high strength materials that look identical to commercial low strength versions. In these industries, a part made of the wrong material is called "counterfeit", even if the substitution was accidental.
An example of a generic RFID chip. Some produce traceability makers use matrix barcodes to record data on specific produce. The international standards organization EPCglobal under GS1 has ratified the EPC network standards (esp. the EPC information services EPCIS standard) which codify the syntax and semantics for supply chain events and the secure method for selectively sharing supply chain ...
Supply chain resilience has been identified as an important business issue. The United Kingdom's Confederation of British Industry reported in 2014 that a significant number of businesses had reshored parts of their supply chain to European locations, with many identifying supply chain resilience as "a key factor in their decision to do so". [46]
Certified reference materials (CRMs) are 'controls' or standards used to check the quality and metrological traceability of products, to validate analytical measurement methods, or for the calibration of instruments. [1] A certified reference material is a particular form of measurement standard.
Requirements traceability is a sub-discipline of requirements management within software development and systems engineering.Traceability as a general term is defined by the IEEE Systems and Software Engineering Vocabulary [1] as (1) the degree to which a relationship can be established between two or more products of the development process, especially products having a predecessor-successor ...
Hence OEMs can trace hazardous substances back to the individual part and work with suppliers to reduce, control, or eliminate the hazard. All substances must be declared in the material data sheet (MDS) of the IMDS to a resolution of 1 gram or better – not just declarable and prohibited substances (e.g. Cr VI / Hg / Pb / Cd ).
Production Part Approval Process (PPAP) is used in the Aerospace or automotive supply chain for establishing confidence in suppliers and their production processes. Actual measurements are taken from the parts produced and are used to complete the various test sheets of PPAP.
Unlike the major six tool capabilities (see above), the following categories are introduced for the list, which correlate closer with the product marketing or summarizes capabilities, such as requirements management (including the elicitation, analysis and specification parts) and test management (meaning verification & validation capabilities).