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A Round Robin preemptive scheduling example with quantum=3. Round-robin (RR) is one of the algorithms employed by process and network schedulers in computing. [1] [2] As the term is generally used, time slices (also known as time quanta) [3] are assigned to each process in equal portions and in circular order, handling all processes without priority (also known as cyclic executive).
For example, Windows NT/XP/Vista uses a multilevel feedback queue, a combination of fixed-priority preemptive scheduling, round-robin, and first in, first out algorithms. In this system, threads can dynamically increase or decrease in priority depending on if it has been serviced already, or if it has been waiting extensively.
Weighted round robin (WRR) is a network scheduler for data flows, but also used to schedule processes. Weighted round robin [ 1 ] is a generalisation of round-robin scheduling . It serves a set of queues or tasks.
The proportional fair (= and =) scheduler could be called "equal effort scheduler" or "time/spectrum Round Robin scheduler". This technique can be further parametrized by using a "memory constant" that determines the period of time over which the station data rate used in calculating the priority function is averaged.
One common method of logically implementing the fair-share scheduling strategy is to recursively apply the round-robin scheduling strategy at each level of abstraction (processes, users, groups, etc.) The time quantum required by round-robin is arbitrary, as any equal division of time will produce the same results.
In weighted round robin scheduling, the fraction of bandwidth used depend on the packet's sizes. Compared with WFQ scheduler that has complexity of O(log(n)) ( n is the number of active flows/queues ), the complexity of DRR is O(1) , if the quantum Q i {\displaystyle Q_{i}} is larger than the maximum packet size of this flow.
The standard does not specify which bandwidth-sharing algorithm must be used since there are a number of variants of bandwidth sharing algorithm, but gives some constraints and references Weighted round robin. The Linux implementation of ETS does not consider Credit-based queues and uses Deficit round robin as bandwidth
Most Smalltalk virtual machines do not count evaluation steps; however, the VM can still preempt the executing thread on external signals (such as expiring timers, or I/O becoming available). Usually round-robin scheduling is used so that a high-priority process that wakes up regularly will effectively implement time-sharing preemption: