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New World monkeys are small to mid-sized primates, ranging from the pygmy marmoset (the world's smallest monkey), at 14 to 16 cm (5.5 to 6.5 in) and a weight of 120 to 190 g (4.2 to 6.7 oz), to the southern muriqui, at 55 to 70 cm (22 to 28 in) and a weight of 12 to 15 kg (26 to 33 lb).
In nearly all species of platyrrhines (New World monkeys) males and homozygous females are dichromats, while heterozygous females are trichromats, a condition known as allelic or polymorphic trichromacy. Among platyrrhines, the exceptions are Alouatta (routine trichromats) and Aotus (routine monochromats). [4] [5]
Howler monkeys (genus Alouatta, monotypic in subfamily Alouattinae) are the most widespread primate genus in the Neotropics and are among the largest of the platyrrhines along with the muriquis (Brachyteles), the spider monkeys (Ateles) and woolly monkeys (Lagotrix). The monkeys are native to South and Central American forests.
Brown spider monkey (Ateles hybridus) Platyrrhini is a parvorder of primates. Members of this parvorder are called platyrrhines, or New World monkeys, and include marmosets, tamarins, and capuchin, squirrel, night, titi, saki, howler, spider, and woolly monkeys. Platyrrhini is one of three clades that form the suborder Haplorrhini, itself one of two suborders in the order Primates. They are ...
The surviving tropical population of primates, which is seen most completely in the upper Eocene and lowermost Oligocene fossil beds of the Faiyum depression southwest of Cairo, gave rise to all living species—lemurs of Madagascar, lorises of Southeast Asia, galagos or "bush babies" of Africa, and the anthropoids: platyrrhine or New World ...
Monkeys comprise two monophyletic groups, New World monkeys and Old World monkeys, but is paraphyletic because it excludes hominoids, superfamily Hominoidea, also descendants of the common ancestor Simiiformes. Apes as a whole, and the great apes, are paraphyletic if the terms are used such that they exclude humans.
The simians include catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including humans), and the platyrrhines (New World monkeys). Haplorhini was proposed by Pocock in 1918 when he realized the tarsiers were actually sister to the monkeys rather than the lemurs, also following findings of Hugh Cuming 80 years earlier and Linnaeus 160 years earlier.
This taxon was traditionally thought to be a primitive lineage, from which all the larger-bodied platyrrhines evolved. [4] However, some works argue that callitrichids are actually a dwarfed lineage. [5] [6] Ancestral stem-callitrichids likely were "normal-sized" ceboids that were dwarfed through evolutionary time.