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Some philosophers use both terms as synonyms. [11] The etymology of the word ontology traces back to the ancient Greek terms ὄντως (ontos, meaning ' being ') and λογία (logia, meaning ' study of '), literally, ' the study of being '. The ancient Greeks did not use the term ontology, which was coined by philosophers in the 17th ...
In response to turn towards ontology a Group for Debates in Anthropological Theory's debate was held on 9 February 2008 in Manchester, on the motion 'Ontology is just another word for culture'. [37] Speaking for the motion were Michael Carrithers (Durham) and Matei Candea (Cambridge), and against were Karen Sykes (Manchester) and Martin ...
Ontology engineering aims to make explicit the knowledge contained in software applications, and organizational procedures for a particular domain. Ontology engineering offers a direction for overcoming semantic obstacles, such as those related to the definitions of business terms and software classes.
WordNet is sometimes called an ontology, a persistent claim that its creators do not make. The hypernym/hyponym relationships among the noun synsets can be interpreted as specialization relations among conceptual categories. In other words, WordNet can be interpreted and used as a lexical ontology in the computer science sense. However, such an ...
To enable the encoding of semantics with the data, technologies such as Resource Description Framework (RDF) [2] and Web Ontology Language (OWL) [3] are used. These technologies are used to formally represent metadata. For example, ontology can describe concepts, relationships between entities, and categories of things.
Ontology is increasingly seen as a separate domain of philosophy in the modern period. [31] [40] Many ontological theories of this period were rationalistic in the sense that they saw ontology largely as a deductive discipline that starts from a small set of first principles or axioms, a position best exemplified by Baruch Spinoza and Christian ...
An olog for a given domain is a category whose objects are boxes labeled with phrases (more specifically, singular indefinite noun phrases) relevant to the domain, and whose morphisms are directed arrows between the boxes, labeled with verb phrases also relevant to the domain.
Individuals (instances) are the basic, "ground level" components of an ontology. The individuals in an ontology may include concrete objects such as people, animals, tables, automobiles, molecules, and planets, as well as abstract individuals such as numbers and words (although there are differences of opinion as to whether numbers and words are classes or individuals).