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The mineral industry of Peru has played an important role in the nation's history and been integral to the country's economic growth for several decades. [1] The industry has also contributed to environmental degradation and environmental injustice; [2] and is a source of environmental conflicts that shape public debate on good governance and development.
Today, Peru has important mineral resources, which are found throughout its mountainous and coastal regions. The country is the world's second-largest producer of silver and copper. [2] From 2016 to 2017, mining output increased, helping Peru attain one of the highest GDP growth rates in Latin America. [3]
The Salt Mines have a long history dating back to the Early Horizon period, with continued use throughout pre-Hispanic times and subsequent periods, including the Inca, Colonial, Republican, and Contemporary eras.
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The first publication series was the Boletín del Museo de Historia Natural in 1937 aimed to divulge institutional activities and results of scientific research. The Publicaciones del Museo series in Zoology, Botany and Geology were published from 1948, the Memorias del Museo in 1951 and the Serie de Divulgación in 1964.
At the time of its development, the mine was Peru's largest investment project at $2.3 billion. Part of the country's dependence on mining, it was expected to raise exports by $900 million. [8] In 2010, the mine underwent an expansion program that increased its processing capacity by 31%. [3]
The oldest rocks in Peru date to the Precambrian and are more than two billion years old. Along the southern coast, granulite and charnockite shows reworking by an ancient orogeny mountain building event. Situated close to the Peru-Chile Trench, these rocks have anomalously high strontium isotope ratios, which suggest recent calc-alkaline ...
The mining boomed in the Andes thanks to the Cusco-born with the surname Hualca discovered the Potosí mines in Upper Peru. That same year, Huancavelica's mercury mines were discovered, an event as important as the previous one, since then silver was obtained by amalgam of its minerals with mercury.