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Japa: (or Japam) A spiritual discipline in which a devotee repeats a mantra or the name of the God. The repetition can be aloud or just the movement of lips or in the mind. This spiritual practice is present in the major religions of world. This is considered as one of the most effective spiritual practices.
Philodemus' work On Frank Criticism showed that spiritual guidance should be based on freedom of speech and mutual respect between master and pupil. A physician like Galen , not affiliated to any school of philosophy, recommended to follow spiritual guidance from an aged and experienced man before attempting self-examination.
In Indian religions, both Hinduism and Buddhism, upadeśa is the spiritual instruction and example provided by the guru: . The guru does not merely ask his disciple to perform a task; he helps him by remaining by his side and directing him, indeed remaining close to his heart and showing the pupil the path he must follow in this life.
The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. [1] [2] [3] [note 1] Traditionally, spirituality is referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man", [note 2] oriented at "the image of God" [4] [5] as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world.
The spiritual guidance function known in many Christian denominations as "pastoral care" is fulfilled for many Muslims by a murshid ("guide"), a master of the spiritual sciences and disciplines known as tasawuf or Sufism. Sufi guides are commonly styled Shaikh in both speaking and writing; in North Africa they are sometimes called marabouts.
This interaction exemplifies the importance within the Hindu tradition for a disciple to seek guidance from an experienced spiritual guru. [40] Additionally, other references to the role of a guru in the Bhagavad Gita include verse 4.34 - those who know their subject well are eager for good students, and the student can learn from such a guru ...
Catholic spirituality includes the various ways in which Catholics live out their Baptismal promise through prayer and action. The primary prayer of all Catholics is the Eucharistic liturgy in which they celebrate and share their faith together, in accord with Jesus' instruction: "Do this in memory of me."
Pastoral care refers to the emotional, physical and spiritual duties and support that a pastor supplies to their community. [1] [2] Mike Minter, a seasoned pastor who spent time offering pastoral care in the Amazon, later reflected on his ministerial experience in a pastoral community with the quote, "Preaching is actually a smaller piece of the pie than one might expect.