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An arterial blood gas (ABG) test, or arterial blood gas analysis (ABGA) measures the amounts of arterial gases, such as oxygen and carbon dioxide.An ABG test requires that a small volume of blood be drawn from the radial artery with a syringe and a thin needle, [1] but sometimes the femoral artery in the groin or another site is used.
A blood gas test or blood gas analysis tests blood to measure blood gas tension values, it also measures blood pH, and the level and base excess of bicarbonate.The source of the blood is reflected in the name of each test; arterial blood gases come from arteries, venous blood gases come from veins and capillary blood gases come from capillaries. [1]
Blood gas tension refers to the partial pressure of gases in blood. [1] There are several significant purposes for measuring gas tension. [ 2 ] The most common gas tensions measured are oxygen tension (P x O 2 ), carbon dioxide tension (P x CO 2 ) and carbon monoxide tension (P x CO). [ 3 ]
In medicine, Allen's test or the Allen test is a medical sign used in physical examination of arterial blood flow to the hands. It was named for Edgar Van Nuys Allen , who described the original version of the test in 1942.
Arterial blood gas (ABG) assessment is considered the gold standard diagnostic test for establishing a diagnosis of respiratory failure. [1] This is because ABG can be used to measure blood oxygen levels (PaO2), and respiratory failure (all types) is characterized by a low blood oxygen level. [1]
An SaO 2 (arterial oxygen saturation, as determined by an arterial blood gas test [8]) value below 90% indicates hypoxemia (which can also be caused by anemia). Hypoxemia due to low SaO 2 is indicated by cyanosis. Oxygen saturation can be measured in different tissues: [8]
If arterial/venous is not specified for an acid–base or blood gas value, then it generally refers to arterial, and not venous which otherwise is standard for other blood tests. [citation needed] Acid–base and blood gases are among the few blood constituents that exhibit substantial difference between arterial and venous values. [6]
[6] Regular arterial blood gas tests needed to assess the response to the therapy and signs of toxicity. Improvement in partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) and oxygen saturation would be indication of positive response to the nitric oxide therapy.