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A tipi or tepee (/ ˈ t iː p i / TEE-pee) is a conical lodge tent that is distinguished from other conical tents by the smoke flaps at the top of the structure, and historically made of animal hides or pelts or, in more recent generations, of canvas stretched on a framework of wooden poles.
Tipi: Home of the Nomadic Buffalo Hunters is a reference book that documents the history and construction, as well as culture and spiritual significance of the tipi to the Plains Indians. The material is covered at both the large and small scale; offering information on the Plain Indians in general as well as individual tribes (including ...
In Native American plains style tipi, the smoke hole consisted of one easily accessible smoke flap vent which was positioned around the apex of the interior beams and the flaps were extended outward on poles to open the vent. In modern ceremonial tipis this vent is in the traditional fashion.
A flap in the animal skins serves as a doorway, and a hole in the center of the tepee’s roof allows smoke and heat to escape. In Lakota culture, the four sides of a tepee represent both space and time. The tepee itself symbolizes the world, with each corner embodying one of the four cardinal directions. [6]
Later day Iroquois longhouse (c.1885) 50–60 people Interior of a longhouse with Chief Powhatan (detail of John Smith map, 1612). Longhouses were a style of residential dwelling built by Native American and First Nations peoples in various parts of North America.
According to The Canadian Encyclopedia, "When dogs were replaced by horses, the greater pulling power allowed tipis to increase in size and household goods to multiply." [4] The Native Languages of the Americas website relates that: After horses were introduced to North America, many Plains Indian tribes began to make larger horse-drawn travois.
The general pattern of a tipi (also "tepee") ring is an east-facing entrance, where there are no stones, and a heavily anchored side with extra stones for protection against prevailing winds, often on the northwestern side of the ring. Hearths found in the center of tipi rings suggest a winter encampment.
Shaking tents could be a lodge or a teepee used to summon spirits. Shaking tent ceremony is a ritual of some Indigenous people in North America that is used to connect the people with the spirit realm and establish a connection and line of communication between the spirit world and the mortal world.