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  2. Alcohol proof - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_proof

    [2] Another early method for testing liquor's alcohol content was the "gunpowder method". Gunpowder was soaked in a spirit, and if the gunpowder could still burn, the spirit was rated above proof. This test relies on the fact that potassium nitrate (a chemical in gunpowder) is significantly more soluble in water than in alcohol. [3]

  3. Comparison of psychoactive alcohols in alcoholic drinks

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_psychoactive...

    The Lucas test in alcohols is a test to differentiate between primary, ... Phenethyl alcohol, 2-Phenylethanol ... 2,8×3÷40 0.8 (mean): 0.5-1.1 3 (mean): 2-4

  4. Alcohol (chemistry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_(chemistry)

    When necessary, the position of the hydroxyl group is indicated by a number between the alkane name and the -ol: propan-1-ol for CH 3 CH 2 CH 2 OH, propan-2-ol for CH 3 CH(OH)CH 3. If a higher priority group is present (such as an aldehyde , ketone , or carboxylic acid ), then the prefix hydroxy- is used, [ 19 ] e.g., as in 1-hydroxy-2 ...

  5. 2-Ethylhexanol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Ethylhexanol

    2-Ethylhexanol exhibits low toxicity in animal models, with LD50 ranging from 2-3 g/kg (rat). [3] 2-Ethylhexanol has been identified as a cause of indoor air quality related health problems, such as respiratory system irritation, as a volatile organic compound. 2-Ethylhexanol is emitted to air from a PVC flooring installed on concrete that had not been dried properly.

  6. Lucas' reagent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas'_reagent

    The alcohol is protonated, the H 2 O group formed leaves, forming a carbocation, and the nucleophile Cl − (which is present in excess) readily attacks the carbocation, forming the chloroalkane. Tertiary alcohols react immediately with Lucas reagent as evidenced by turbidity owing to the low solubility of the organic chloride in the aqueous ...

  7. Phosphatidylethanol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phosphatidylethanol

    [5] [6] An increase of alcohol intake by ~20 g ethanol/day will raise the PEth 16:0/18:1 concentration by ~0.10 μmol/L, and vice versa if the alcohol consumption has decreased. However, it has been demonstrated that there can be significant inter-personal variation, leading to potential misclassification between moderate and heavy drinkers. [ 7 ]

  8. Ethyl glucuronide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethyl_glucuronide

    Ethyl glucuronide (EtG) is a metabolite of ethanol which is formed in the body by glucuronidation following exposure to ethanol, usually from drinking alcoholic beverages.It is used as a biomarker to test for ethanol use and to monitor alcohol abstinence in situations where drinking is prohibited, such as by the military, in alcohol treatment programs, in professional monitoring programs ...

  9. Guerbet reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guerbet_reaction

    The original 1899 publication concerned the conversion of n-butanol to 2-ethylhexanol. [2] 2-ethylhexanol is however more easily prepared by alternative methods (from butyraldehyde by aldol condensation). Instead, the Guerbet reaction is mainly applied to fatty alcohols to afford oily products, which are called Guerbet alcohols. They are of ...

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