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β-Alanine (beta-alanine) is a naturally occurring beta amino acid, which is an amino acid in which the amino group is attached to the β-carbon (i.e. the carbon two carbon atoms away from the carboxylate group) instead of the more usual α-carbon for alanine (α-alanine). The IUPAC name for β-alanine is 3-aminopropanoic acid.
Beta-Alanine, a nonessential amino acid and freely available as a nutritional supplement in many countries, has been found to suppress or significantly reduce the symptoms in many cases. [12] Anecdotal evidence indicates that it is commonly consumed in doses of 750 mg to 2 grams before water contact. [13]
"There is also some speculation regarding beta-alanine's safety, and adverse side effects can occur with higher doses,” she says. These side effects include headache and gastrointestinal ...
10000 mg/kg (rate, dermal) ... Comparison of ethyl butylacetylaminopropionate and beta-alanine. IR3535 is a derivative of non-proteinogenic amino acid beta-alanine. [2]
It appears to cross the blood–brain barrier less efficiently than L-phenylalanine, and so a small amount of an ingested dose of D-phenylalanine is excreted in the urine without penetrating the central nervous system. [24] L-Phenylalanine is an antagonist at α 2 δ Ca 2+ calcium channels with a K i of 980 nM. [25]
The Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) of the U.S. Institute of Medicine set Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) for essential amino acids in 2002. For leucine, for adults 19 years and older, 42 mg/kg body weight/day; for isoleucine 19 mg/kg body weight/day; for valine 24 mg/kg body weight/day. [6]
β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid [note 1] (HMB), otherwise known as its conjugate base, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate, is a naturally produced substance in humans that is used as a dietary supplement and as an ingredient in certain medical foods that are intended to promote wound healing and provide nutritional support for people with muscle wasting due to cancer or HIV/AIDS.
This enzyme participates in 5 metabolic pathways: alanine and aspartate metabolism, glutamate metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, propanoate metabolism, and butanoate metabolism. It employs one cofactor, pyridoxal phosphate. This enzyme is found in prokaryotes, plants, fungi, and animals (including humans). [1]
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