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The Nobel Prizes (/ n oʊ ˈ b ɛ l / noh-BEL; Swedish: Nobelpriset [nʊˈbɛ̂lːˌpriːsɛt]; Norwegian: Nobelprisen [nʊˈbɛ̀lːˌpriːsn̩]) are five separate prizes awarded to those who, during the preceding year, have conferred the greatest benefit to humankind, as established by the 1895 will of Swedish chemist, engineer, and industrialist Alfred Nobel, in the year before he died.
The Nobel Peace Prize (Swedish and Norwegian: Nobels fredspris) is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor, and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Chemistry, Physics, Physiology or Medicine, and Literature.
An additional prize in memory of Alfred Nobel was established in 1968 by the Sveriges Riksbank (Sweden's central bank) for outstanding contributions to the field of economics. Each recipient, a Nobelist or laureate , receives a gold medal , a diploma , and a sum of money which is decided annually by the Nobel Foundation.
Alfred Bernhard Nobel (/ n oʊ ˈ b ɛ l / noh-BEL, Swedish: [ˈǎlfrɛd nʊˈbɛlː] ⓘ; 21 October 1833 – 10 December 1896) was a Swedish chemist, inventor, engineer and businessman. He is known for inventing dynamite as well as having bequeathed his fortune to establish the Nobel Prizes. [1]
Although not one of the five Nobel Prizes established by Alfred Nobel's will in 1895, [6] it is commonly referred to as the Nobel Prize in Economics, [7] and is administered and referred to along with the Nobel Prizes by the Nobel Foundation. [8]
Since the first award in 1901, conferment of the Nobel Prize has engendered criticism [1] and controversy. [2] After his death in 1896, the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel established that an annual prize be awarded for service to humanity in the fields of physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature, and peace.
The Nobel Prize is one of the most prestigious awards in the world, honoring groundbreaking achievements in physics, chemistry, medicine, literature and efforts for peace.
The executors of his will were Ragnar Sohlman and Rudolf Lilljequist who formed the Nobel Foundation to take care of Nobel's fortune and organize the prizes. [13] Although Nobel's will established the prizes, his plan was incomplete and, because of various other hurdles, it took five years before the Nobel Foundation could be established and ...