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HDPE is known for its high strength-to-density ratio. [4] The density of HDPE ranges from 930 to 970 kg/m 3. [5] Although the density of HDPE is only marginally higher than that of low-density polyethylene, HDPE has little branching, giving it stronger intermolecular forces and tensile strength (38 MPa versus 21 MPa) than LDPE. [6]
Polymer engineering is generally an engineering field that designs, analyses, and modifies polymer materials. Polymer engineering covers aspects of the petrochemical industry, polymerization, structure and characterization of polymers, properties of polymers, compounding and processing of polymers and description of major polymers, structure property relations and applications.
[17] Piping systems for the conveyance of water, chemicals or gases are commonly produced in Polypropylene, and to a much greater extent Polyethylene. Piping systems in high-density Polyethylene (HDPE, PE100, PE80) are fast becoming the most commonly used drinking water, waste water and natural gas distribution piping systems in the world.
The geomembranes within the composite liner consist of a high-density polyethylene which provide an effective minimization for flow and deliver and helpful barrier which is used on inorganic contaminants. [5] It can be used as a substitute for sand or gravel and also has a very high transmissivity and low storage.
The idea of using polyethylene film as mulch in plant production saw its beginnings in the mid-1950s. Dr. Emery M. Emmert of the University of Kentucky was one of the first to recognize the benefits of using LDPE (low-density polyethylene) and HDPE (high-density polyethylene) film as mulch in vegetable production.
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The most preferable material is currently high density polyethylene (HDPE) due to its plasticity, density, and durability. [citation needed] To achieve higher concentration of biomass in the bioreactors, hybrid MBBR systems have been used where suspended and attached biomass co-exist contributing both to biological processes. [6]
Polyethylene Piping in Australia, made from HDPE material. Polyethylene has been successfully used for the safe conveyance of potable and waste water, hazardous waste, and compressed gases for many years. Two variants are HDPE pipe (high-density polyethylene) [8] and the more heat resistant PEX (cross-linked polyethylene, also XLPE).