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Kumaoni (Kumaoni-Devanagari: कुमाऊँनी, pronounced [kuːmɑːʊni]) is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by over two million people of the Kumaon region of the state of Uttarakhand in northern India and parts of Doti region in Western Nepal. [4] As per 1961 survey there were 1,030,254 Kumaoni speakers in India. [5]
Unlike many languages, Korean consonants are categorized into three main types: plain, tense, and aspirated, each contributing to the language's distinctive soundscape. Also, Korean phonology is characterized by a complex system of classification and pronunciation rules that play a crucial role in the language's phonetic and phonological structure.
The speech of Jeju Island is not mutually intelligible with standard Korean, suggesting that it should be treated as a separate language. [33] Standard 15th-century texts include a back central unrounded vowel /ʌ/ (written with the Hangul letter ㆍ ), which has merged with other vowels in mainland dialects but is retained as a distinct vowel in Jeju. [34]
The letters of the Korean alphabet are not written linearly like most alphabets, but instead arranged into blocks that represent syllables. So, while the word bibimbap (Korean rice dish) is written as eight characters in a row in the Latin alphabet, in Korean it is written 비빔밥, as three "syllabic blocks" in a row.
The charts below show the way in which the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) represents Korean language pronunciations in Wikipedia articles. It is based on the standard dialect of South Korea and may not represent some of the sounds in the North Korean dialect or in other dialects.
The Gyeongsang dialect is one of the best-known South Korean dialects, known not only by Koreans but also by foreigners interested in Korean culture. The Gyeongsang dialect is frequently characterized as the most "rough" and "macho" dialect of all South Korean dialects. The Gyeongsang dialect is one of the most common dialects employed in K-dramas.
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The following tables of consonants and vowels (jamo) of the Korean alphabet display (in blue) the basic forms in the first row and their derivatives in the following row(s). They are divided into initials (leading consonants), vowels (middle), and finals tables (trailing consonants).