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The first way an OSP can be put on notice is through the copyright holder's written notification of claimed infringement to the OSP's designated agent. This must [13] include the following: (i) A physical or electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.
A copyright notice may still be used as a deterrent against infringement, or as a notice that the owner intends on holding their claim to copyright. [3] It is also a copyright violation, if not also a federal crime, to remove or modify copyright notice with intent to "induce, enable, facilitate, or conceal an infringement". [4]
35 U.S.C. § 271(b) creates a type of indirect infringement described as "active inducement of infringement," while 35 U.S.C. § 271(c) creates liability for those who have contributed to the infringement of a patent. Both types of indirect infringement can only occur when there has actually been a direct infringement of the patent. [5]
As a result, notice and takedown procedures are fragmented across EU member states and online hosts face considerable legal uncertainty. [28] The European Commission consulted on notice and action procedures under article 14 in 2010, and has launched a new initiative in June 2012. The European Commission observed that "Online intermediaries ...
"Innocent" is a technical term. In particular, if the work carries a copyright notice, the infringer cannot claim innocence. [96] In case of "willful infringement" (again, "willful" is a technical term), statutory damages can be no more than $150,000 for an effective range of $750 to $150,000 per work. [94] Damages in copyright cases can be ...
However, the U.S. still provides legal advantages for registering works of U.S. origin. For example, a registration, or a refusal of registration, [2] is required before an infringement suit may be filed in a US court and registration is required for claiming statutory damages in most cases.
The first substantial patent law in Japan was established by the "Patent Monopoly Act" (專賣特許條例 Senbai tokkyo jōrei) on April 18, 1885. (In 1954, the Ministry of International Trade and Industry of Japan declared April 18 to be Invention Day.) The first seven patents under the Patent Monopoly Act were granted on August 14, 1885.
Patent infringement is an unauthorized act of - for example - making, using, offering for sale, selling, or importing for these purposes a patented product. Where the subject-matter of the patent is a process, infringement involves the act of using, offering for sale, selling or importing for these purposes at least the product obtained by the patented process. [1]