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A contrast effect is the enhancement or diminishment, relative to normal, of perception, cognition or related performance as a result of successive (immediately previous) or simultaneous exposure to a stimulus of lesser or greater value in the same dimension. (Here, normal perception, cognition or performance is that which would be obtained in ...
A contrast is defined as the sum of each group mean multiplied by a coefficient for each group (i.e., a signed number, c j). [10] In equation form, = ¯ + ¯ + + ¯ ¯, where L is the weighted sum of group means, the c j coefficients represent the assigned weights of the means (these must sum to 0 for orthogonal contrasts), and ¯ j represents the group means. [8]
The assimilation effect, assimilation bias or biased assimilation is a bias in evaluative judgments towards the position of a context stimulus, while contrast effects describe a negative correlation between a judgment and contextual information.
The combined concept of behavioral contrast is sometimes also referred to as the Crespi effect. In 1981, Bower discovered that positive contrast may be reduced because the response measure hits a ceiling. Thus, if contrast is the subject of an experiment, reward sizes may need to be adjusted to keep the response below such a ceiling. [5]
The maximum contrast of an image is termed the contrast ratio or dynamic range. In images where the contrast ratio approaches the maximum possible for the medium, there is a conservation of contrast. In such cases, increasing contrast in certain parts of the image will necessarily result in a decrease in contrast elsewhere.
The Chubb illusion is similar to another visual illusion, the contrast effect.The contrast effect is an illusion in which the perceived brightness or luminance of an identical central visual target form on a larger uniform background varies to the test subject depending on the ratio of the central form's luminance to that of its background. [4]
The "luminance contrast" is the ratio between the higher luminance, L H, and the lower luminance, L L, that define the feature to be detected.This ratio, often called contrast ratio, CR, (actually being a luminance ratio), is often used for high luminances and for specification of the contrast of electronic visual display devices.
A contrast agent (or contrast medium) is a substance used to increase the contrast of structures or fluids within the body in medical imaging. [1] Contrast agents absorb or alter external electromagnetism or ultrasound , which is different from radiopharmaceuticals , which emit radiation themselves.