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Open-mindedness is receptiveness to new ideas. Open-mindedness relates to the way in which people approach the views and knowledge of others. [1] Jason Baehr defines an open-minded person as one who "characteristically moves beyond or temporarily sets aside his own doxastic commitments in order to give a fair and impartial hearing to the intellectual opposition". [2]
The book's conceptual framework has a basis in psychological research. Research indicates that the soldier mindset is the default human mode of reasoning in high-stakes situations, while the scout mindset bears similarities to "actively open-minded thinking" as described by the psychologist Jonathan Baron. [14]
Openness to experience is one of the domains which are used to describe human personality in the Five Factor Model. [1] [2] Openness involves six facets, or dimensions: active imagination (fantasy), aesthetic sensitivity, attentiveness to inner feelings, preference for variety (adventurousness), intellectual curiosity, and challenging authority (psychological liberalism). [3]
Academic bias is the bias or perceived bias of scholars allowing their beliefs to shape their research and the scientific community.It can refer to several types of scholastic prejudice, e.g., logocentrism, phonocentrism, [1] ethnocentrism or the belief that some sciences and disciplines rank higher than others.
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing available facts, evidence, observations, and arguments to make sound conclusions or informed choices. It involves recognizing underlying assumptions, providing justifications for ideas and actions, evaluating these justifications through comparisons with varying perspectives, and assessing their rationality and potential consequences. [1]
After the publication of Essays on the active powers of the human mind, Reid spend the remainig eight years of his life in a relatively quieter period and did not publish any further philosophical writings. [20] He remained active within his circle of philosophers in Edinborough and Glasgow debating philosphical ideas in those years. [21]
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Avoid wishful thinking. Be open-minded and fair-minded. Be wary of beliefs that align with your self-interest. Admit how little you know. Be alert to egocentrism, prejudice, and other mental biases. Be careful to draw logical conclusions. Base your beliefs on credible, well-substantiated evidence. Be consistent.