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  2. Superstring theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superstring_theory

    'Superstring theory' is a shorthand for supersymmetric string theory because unlike bosonic string theory, it is the version of string theory that accounts for both fermions and bosons and incorporates supersymmetry to model gravity.

  3. Supersymmetry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry

    Supersymmetry is an integral part of string theory, a possible theory of everything. There are two types of string theory, supersymmetric string theory or superstring theory, and non-supersymmetric string theory. By definition of superstring theory, supersymmetry is required in superstring theory at some level.

  4. Type II string theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_II_string_theory

    At low energies, type IIA string theory is described by type IIA supergravity in ten dimensions which is a non-chiral theory (i.e. left–right symmetric) with (1,1) d=10 supersymmetry; the fact that the anomalies in this theory cancel is therefore trivial.

  5. String theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_theory

    String theory is a theoretical framework that attempts to address these questions and many others. The starting point for string theory is the idea that the point-like particles of particle physics can also be modeled as one-dimensional objects called strings. String theory describes how strings propagate through space and interact with each other.

  6. M-theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-theory

    M-theory is a theory in physics that unifies all consistent versions of superstring theory. Edward Witten first conjectured the existence of such a theory at a string theory conference at the University of Southern California in 1995.

  7. Sylvester James Gates - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester_James_Gates

    Sylvester James Gates Jr. (born December 15, 1950), known as S. James Gates Jr. or Jim Gates, is an American theoretical physicist who works on supersymmetry, supergravity, and superstring theory. He is currently the Brown University Theoretical Physics Center Director and the Ford Foundation Professor of Physics.

  8. Supergravity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supergravity

    Thanks to supersymmetry, p-branes in supergravity gained understanding well beyond the limits of string theory. Armed with this new nonperturbative tool, Edward Witten and many others could show all of the perturbative string theories as descriptions of different states in a single theory that Witten named M-theory .

  9. Glossary of string theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_string_theory

    Green–Schwarz formalism, a way of incorporating supersymmetry into string theory that is supersymmetric in 10-dimensional spacetime. GSO Short for Ferdinando Gliozzi, Joël Scherk, and David A. Olive, as in the GSO projection, a projection in superstring theory that eliminates tachyons. GSW