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Degenerative spondylolisthesis at L5-S1. (A) CT sagittal view of a low grade slip. (B) Lateral radiograph pre-operative intervention. (C) Surgically treated with L5–S1 decompression, instrumented fusion and placement of an interbody graft between L5 and S1. Both minimally invasive and open surgical techniques are used to treat anterolisthesis ...
These cannot be determined by plain films, as the x-ray passes through the soft tissue. A study by Giles et al., stated that sixteen of the thirty patients (53%) had retrolisthesis of L5 on S1 ranging from 2–9 mm; these patients had either intervertebral disc bulging or protrusion on CT examination ranging from 3–7 mm into the spinal canal.
In sacralization, the L5-S1 intervertebral disc may be thin and narrow. This abnormality is found by X-ray. [citation needed] Sacralization of L6 means L6 attaches to S1 via a rudimentary joint. This L6-S1 joint creates additional motion, increasing the potential for motion-related stress and lower back pain/conditions.
[164] [165] [166] The role of disc replacement must come from new indications not defined in today's literature or a relaxation of current contraindications. [161] A study by Regan found the result of replacement was the same at L4-5 and L5-S1 with the CHARITE disc. However, the ProDisc II had more favorable results at L4-5 compared with L5-S1 ...
This stress fracture most commonly occurs where the concave lumbar spine transitions to the convex sacrum (L5-S1). A significant number of individuals with spondylolysis will develop spondylolisthesis, which is true for 50-81% of this population. [12] [3] Pars interarticularis marked with red lines
Modic changes Type 1 reflects oedema adjacent to the disc, fissured endplates, microfractures of the trabeculae, granular tissue, high levels of immunoreactive nerve fibers, and TNF alpha cells (pro-inflammatory) [40] [41]
With increasing age, the occurrence of degenerative spondylolisthesis becomes more common. The most common spondylolisthesis occurs with slipping of L4 on L5. Frymoyer showed that spondylolisthesis with canal stenosis is more common in diabetic women who have undergone oophorectomy (removal of ovaries). The cause of symptoms in the legs can be ...
Lumbar provocative discography (also referred to as "discography" or discogram) is an invasive diagnostic procedure for evaluation for intervertebral disc pathology. It is usually reserved for persons with persistent, severe low back pain (LBP) who have abnormal spaces between vertebrae on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where other diagnostic tests have failed to reveal clear confirmation ...