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The National Anthem of India is titled "Jana Gana Mana". The song was originally composed in Bengali by India's first Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore on 11 December 1911. [11] [12] [13] The parent song, 'Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata' is a Brahmo hymn that has five verses and only the first verse has been adopted as the national anthem.
Shubh Sukh Chain (Hindi: शुभ सुख चैन, lit. ' "Auspicious Happiness" ') was the national anthem of the Provisional Government of Free India. The song was based on a Bengali poem Bharoto Bhagyo Bidhata by Rabindranath Tagore.
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The poem was first sung on the second day of the annual session of the Indian National Congress in Calcutta on 27 December 1911. The song was performed by Sarala Devi Chowdhurani, Tagore's niece, along with a group of school students, in front of prominent Congress Members like Bishan Narayan Dhar, Indian National Congress President and Ambika Charan Majumdar.
The Indian National Anthem Jana Gana Mana is sung in the raga Gaud Sarang. [citation needed] It is believed that the National Anthem of India is sung in raga Alhaiya Bilaval [1] but this is not the case. There is a svara that changes the raga of Jana Gana Mana. In the national anthem, the tivra Madhyam svara is used.
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The root of the Sanskrit word Vande is Vand, which appears in Rigveda and other Vedic texts. [27] [note 1] According to Monier Monier-Williams, depending on the context, vand means "to praise, celebrate, laud, extol, to show honour, do homage, salute respectfully", or "deferentially, venerate, worship, adore", or "to offer anything respectfully to".
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