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The Hongwu Emperor (21 October 1328 – 24 June 1398), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Taizu of Ming, personal name Zhu Yuanzhang, courtesy name Guorui, [f] was the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty, reigning from 1368 to 1398.
The Ming dynasty was founded by the peasant rebel leader Zhu Yuanzhang, known as the Hongwu Emperor. The longest-reigning emperor of the dynasty was the Wanli Emperor (r. 1572–1620), who ruled for 48 years; the shortest was his successor, the Taichang Emperor, who ruled for only 29 days in 1620.
Zhu Yuanzhang was a penniless peasant and Buddhist monk who joined the Red Turbans in 1352; he soon gained a reputation after marrying the foster daughter of a rebel commander. [13] In 1356, Zhu's rebel force captured the city of Nanjing , [ 14 ] which he would later establish as the capital of the Ming dynasty.
Zhu Yuanzhang was a penniless peasant and Buddhist monk who joined the Red Turbans in 1352, but soon gained a reputation after marrying the foster daughter of a rebel commander. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] In 1356 Zhu's rebel force captured the city of Nanjing , [ 14 ] which he would later establish as the capital of the Ming dynasty.
Prior to this, Zhu was the leader of the Red Turbans and had been appointed as the Duke of Wu (吳國公) by the emperor of the rebel Song dynasty, Han Lin'er, in 1361. [4] (Wu was the name of an ancient state and later the region on the lower reaches of the Yangtze River.) On 4 February 1364, Zhu Yuanzhang declared himself the King of Wu ...
Zhu Yuanzhang sets up a school with a teaching staff of "Erudites" (boshi) [13] 1367: October: Red Turban Rebellion: Zhu Yuanzhang's army under Zhu Liangzi takes Taizhou [14] 1 October: Red Turban Rebellion: Zhu Yuanzhang takes Suzhou and Zhang Shicheng hangs himself; [15] 2,400 large and small cannons are deployed by the Ming army at the siege ...
The Jinyiwei originated as early as 1360. They served as Zhu Yuanzhang's personal bodyguards and defended him during a battle with the warlord Chen Youliang.After Zhu founded the Ming dynasty and became the Hongwu Emperor, he doubted his subjects' loyalties towards him and was constantly on guard against possible rebellions and assassinations.
Hongwu (Chinese: 洪武; pinyin: Hóngwǔ; Wade–Giles: Hung-wu; lit. 'vastly martial'; 23 January 1368 – 5 February 1399) was the era name (nianhao) of the Hongwu Emperor (reigned 1368–1398), the Chinese emperor who founded the Ming dynasty that ruled China from 1368 to 1644.