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Vanadium(III) phosphates lacking the oxo ligand have the formula VPO 4 •H 2 O and VPO 4 •2H 2 O. The monohydrate is isostructural with MgSO 4 •H 2 O [ 8 ] It adopts the structure of the corresponding hydrated aluminium phosphate .
In aqueous solution, vanadium forms metal aquo complexes of which the colours are lilac [V(H 2 O) 6] 2+, green [V(H 2 O) 6] 3+, blue [VO(H 2 O) 5] 2+, yellow-orange oxides [VO(H 2 O) 5] 3+, the formula for which depends on pH. Vanadium(II) compounds are reducing agents, and vanadium(V) compounds are oxidizing agents. Vanadium(IV) compounds ...
Vanadium compounds are used extensively as catalysts; [83] Vanadium pentoxide V 2 O 5, is used as a catalyst in manufacturing sulfuric acid by the contact process [84] In this process sulfur dioxide (SO 2) is oxidized to the trioxide (SO 3): [23] In this redox reaction, sulfur is oxidized from +4 to +6, and vanadium is reduced from +5 to +4:
It is composed (by weight) of 73.15% lead, 10.79% vanadium, 13.56% oxygen, and 2.50% chlorine. Each structural unit of vanadinite contains a chlorine ion surrounded by six divalent lead ions at the corners of a regular octahedron , with one of the lead ions provided by an adjoining vanadinite molecule.
Vanadium forms oxides in the +2, +3, +4 and +5 oxidation states, forming vanadium(II) oxide (VO), vanadium(III) oxide (V 2 O 3), vanadium(IV) oxide (VO 2) and vanadium(V) oxide (V 2 O 5). Vanadium(V) oxide or vanadium pentoxide is the most common, being precursor to most alloys and compounds of vanadium, and is also a widely used industrial ...
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Vanadium(V) oxide exhibits very modest acute toxicity to humans, with an LD50 of about 470 mg/kg. The greater hazard is with inhalation of the dust, where the LD50 ranges from 4–11 mg/kg for a 14-day exposure. [8] Vanadate (VO 3− 4), formed by hydrolysis of V 2 O 5 at high pH, appears to inhibit enzymes that process phosphate (PO 4 3− ...
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