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The intestine is also called the bowel or the gut. The lower GI starts at the pyloric sphincter of the stomach and finishes at the anus. The small intestine is subdivided into the duodenum, the jejunum and the ileum. The cecum marks the division between the small and large intestine. The large intestine includes the rectum and anal canal. [2]
In the ileum there are occasionally Peyer's patches in the lamina propria. Brunner's glands are found in the duodenum but not in other parts of the small intestine. [1] In the colon, epithelium is simple columnar and without villi. Goblet cells, which secrete mucus, are also present. [1]
The duodenum also produces the hormone secretin to stimulate the pancreatic secretion of large amounts of sodium bicarbonate, which then raises pH of the chyme to 7. The chyme moves through the jejunum and the ileum, where digestion progresses, and the non-useful portion continues onward into the large intestine.
Intestinal glands are found in the epithelia of the small intestine, namely the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, and in the large intestine (colon), where they are sometimes called colonic crypts. Intestinal glands of the small intestine contain a base of replicating stem cells , Paneth cells of the innate immune system , and goblet cells , which ...
Jejunum: This is the midsection of the small intestine, connecting the duodenum to the ileum. It is about 2.5 m (8.2 ft) long and contains the circular folds also known as plicae circulares and villi that increase its surface area. Products of digestion (sugars, amino acids, and fatty acids) are absorbed into the bloodstream here.
The small intestine is about 20 feet long and goes behind the large intestine, forming a mass of curly tubing. It is divided into three parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum. The duodenum receives excretions from various organs such as the pancreas and spleen. The pancreas produces the hormone insulin, which helps regulate blood sugar.
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Stomach, duodenum: Opiate-like actions Enteroglucagon: Small intestine, pancreas: Inhibits insulin secretion Galanin: Enteric nerves: Ghrelin: Stomach: Stimulates appetite, increases gastric emptying Glucagon-like peptide 1: Pancreas, ileum: Increases insulin secretion Glucagon-like peptide 2: Ileum, colon: Enterocyte-specific growth hormone ...