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Erythropoiesis (from Greek 'erythro' meaning "red" and 'poiesis' "to make") is the process which produces red blood cells (erythrocytes), which is the development from erythropoietic stem cell to mature red blood cell.
Erythropoietin (/ ɪ ˌ r ɪ θ r oʊ ˈ p ɔɪ. ɪ t ɪ n,-r ə-,-p ɔɪ ˈ ɛ t ɪ n,-ˈ iː t ɪ n /; [1] [2] [3] EPO), also known as erythropoetin, haematopoietin, or haemopoietin, is a glycoprotein cytokine secreted mainly by the kidneys in response to cellular hypoxia; it stimulates red blood cell production (erythropoiesis) in the bone marrow.
Erythropoiesis is the process by which new red blood cells are produced; it lasts about 7 days. Through this process red blood cells are continuously produced in the red bone marrow of large bones. (In the embryo , the liver is the main site of red blood cell production.)
In a healthy adult person, approximately 10 11 –10 12 new blood cells are produced daily in order to maintain steady state levels in the peripheral circulation. [7] [8] All blood cells are divided into three lineages. [9] Red blood cells, also called erythrocytes, are the oxygen-carrying cells. Erythrocytes are functional and are released ...
A blood cell (also called a hematopoietic cell, hemocyte, or hematocyte) is a cell produced through hematopoiesis and found mainly in the blood. Major types of blood cells include red blood cells (erythrocytes), white blood cells (leukocytes), and platelets (thrombocytes).
The production of red blood cells (or erythropoeisis) in the body is regulated by erythropoietin, which is a protein produced by the kidneys in response to poor oxygen delivery. [15] As a result, more erythropoeitin is produced to encourage red blood cell production and increase oxygen-carrying capacity.
Erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESA) are medications which stimulate the bone marrow to make red blood cells. [1] They are used to treat anemia due to end stage kidney disease, chemotherapy, major surgery, or certain treatments in HIV/AIDS. [1] [2] In these situations they decrease the need for blood transfusions. [2]
Megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cells must commit to becoming either platelet-producing megakaryocytes via megakaryopoiesis or erythrocyte-producing erythroblasts via erythropoiesis. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] Most of the blood cells produced in the bone marrow during hematopoiesis come from megakaryocyte–erythroid progenitor cells.