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Embryo transfer refers to a step in the process of assisted reproduction in which embryos are placed into the uterus of a female with the intent to establish a pregnancy.This technique - which is often used in connection with in vitro fertilization (IVF) - may be used in humans or in other animals, in which situations and goals may vary.
In livestock species such cattle, transvaginal oocyte recovery from the ovaries of live female animals can be repeatedly carried out prior to the in vitro production of embryos. [ 41 ] In non-domesticated animals, IVM can also be used for the conservation of endangered species whilst maintaining genetic diversity. [ 42 ]
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Theriogenologists are veterinarians with advanced training in animal reproduction like semen analysis, evaluation and processing, breeding soundness, in vitro fertilisation (IVF), embryo transfer and obstetrics. In the United States, all theriogenologists are board-certified by the American College of Theriogenologists.
Morné de la Rey (born 7 February 1970) is a South African veterinary surgeon and embryo transfer specialist. [1] In 2003, he was one of a team of scientists and veterinarians from his company Embryo Plus and the Danish Agriculture Institute to clone a cow, the first animal to be cloned in Africa. [ 2 ]
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The timeline of reciprocal IVF depends on if a couple chooses to undergo a fresh or a frozen transfer: A fresh embryo transfer IVF cycle lasts around 17–20 days and 10 days after the embryo is transferred to wait for the results of a pregnancy test. [14] A frozen embryo transfer first involves one of the cycles dedicated to the genetic mother.
In 1891, Heape reported the first successful embryo transfer in a mammal. [1] [better source needed] [2] As early as 1934, Gregory Goodwin Pincus and Ernst Vincenz Enzmann tried to perform IVF in rabbits. Although the pregnancy was successful, it was later determined that the fertilisation occurred in vivo (in the body). [3]