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Philippine forces initially attempted to engage U.S. forces conventionally but transitioned to guerrilla tactics by November 1899. Philippine President Emilio Aguinaldo was captured on March 23, 1901, and the war was officially declared over by the US on July 4, 1902. [18]
The Philippine–American War, also known as the Philippine War of Independence or the Philippine Insurrection (1899–1902), [1] was an armed conflict between Filipino revolutionaries and the government of the United States which arose from the struggle of the First Philippine Republic to gain independence following the Philippines being acquired by the United States from Spain.
A Masterpiece of Counterguerrilla Warfare | BG J. Franklin Bell in the Philippines 1901-1902 (PDF). Fort Leavenworth, Kansas: Combat Studies Institute Press, US Army Combined Arms Center. ISBN 978-0-16-079503-9. Miller, Stuart Creighton (1982). "Benevolent Assimilation": The American Conquest of the Philippines, 1899-1903. Yale University Press.
The Political Constitution of 1899 (Spanish: Constitución Política de 1899), informally known as the Malolos Constitution, was the constitution of the First Philippine Republic. It was written by Felipe Calderón y Roca and Felipe Buencamino as an alternative to a pair of proposals to the Malolos Congress by Apolinario Mabini and Pedro Paterno .
The Philippine American War or "Philippine Insurrection" has two phases. First phase was the conventional military warfare between two organized armies: The US Forces and the First Philippine Republican Army. This was period was from February to November 1899.
The Philippine Insurrection, also known as the Philippine-American War, is a forgotten chapter in America’s history, even though it lasted over three years and claimed 4,200 American lives.
In June 1899, the First Philippine Republic formally declared war against the United States, [14] [15] which ended with the Philippine Organic Act in July 1902. As a result, the islands become an unincorporated territory of the United States.
A revolutionary congress was established with power "[t]o watch over the general interest of the Philippine people, and carrying out of the revolutionary laws; to discuss and vote upon said laws; to discuss and approve, prior to their ratification, treaties and loans; to examine and approve the accounts presented annually by the secretary of ...