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Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) was the first standalone specification for the IP address, and has been in use since 1983. [2] IPv4 addresses are defined as a 32-bit number, which became too small to provide enough addresses as the internet grew, leading to IPv4 address exhaustion over the 2010s.
IPv4 is a connectionless protocol, and operates on a best-effort delivery model, in that it does not guarantee delivery, nor does it assure proper sequencing or avoidance of duplicate delivery. These aspects, including data integrity, are addressed by an upper layer transport protocol, such as the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP).
The IPv4 internetworking layer automatically fragments a datagram into smaller units for transmission when the link MTU is exceeded. IP provides re-ordering of fragments received out of order. [19] An IPv6 network does not perform fragmentation in network elements, but requires end hosts and higher-layer protocols to avoid exceeding the path ...
In computer networking, the notation is associated with the specific use of quad-dotted notation to represent IPv4 addresses [4] and used as a synonym for dotted-quad notation. [5] Dot-decimal notation is a presentation format for numerical data expressed as a string of decimal numbers each separated by a full stop.
A-level Computing/AQA/Computer Components, The Stored Program Concept and the Internet/Structure of the Internet/IP addresses A-level Computing/AQA/Print version/Unit 2 Intellectual Property and the Internet/Print version
These groups, commonly called CIDR blocks, share an initial sequence of bits in the binary representation of their IP addresses. IPv4 CIDR blocks are identified using a syntax similar to that of IPv4 addresses: a dotted-decimal address, followed by a slash, then a number from 0 to 32, i.e., a.b.c.d / n. The dotted decimal portion is the IPv4 ...
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Special address blocks Address block (CIDR) First address Last address Number of addresses Usage Purpose ::/128 :: :: 1 Software Unspecified address