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Magnetism is the class of physical attributes that occur through a magnetic field, which allows objects to attract or repel each other.Because both electric currents and magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, magnetism is one of two aspects of electromagnetism.
A magnet's magnetic moment (also called magnetic dipole moment and usually denoted μ) is a vector that characterizes the magnet's overall magnetic properties. For a bar magnet, the direction of the magnetic moment points from the magnet's south pole to its north pole, [ 15 ] and the magnitude relates to how strong and how far apart these poles ...
Magnetic poles (or states of polarization at individual points) attract or repel one another in a manner similar to positive and negative charges and always exist as pairs: every north pole is yoked to a south pole. [8] An electric current inside a wire creates a corresponding circumferential magnetic field outside the wire.
The magnetic field lines of a current-carrying loop of wire pass through the center of the loop, concentrating the field there The magnetic field generated by passing a current through a coil. An electric current flowing in a wire creates a magnetic field around the wire, due to Ampere's law (see drawing of wire with magnetic field).
For example, a magnet pushed in and out of a coil of wires can produce an electric current in the coils which is proportional to the strength of the magnet as well as the number of coils and the speed at which the magnet is inserted and extracted from the coils.
Ferromagnetism (along with the similar effect ferrimagnetism) is the strongest type and is responsible for the common phenomenon of everyday magnetism. [1] An example of a permanent magnet formed from a ferromagnetic material is a refrigerator magnet. [2]
Biomagnetism is the phenomenon of magnetic fields produced by living organisms; it is a subset of bioelectromagnetism. In contrast, organisms' use of magnetism in navigation is magnetoception and the study of the magnetic fields' effects on organisms is magnetobiology. (The word biomagnetism has also been used loosely to include magnetobiology ...
Additional magnetic field values can be found through the magnetic field of a finite beam, for example, that the magnetic field of an arc of angle and radius at the center is =, or that the magnetic field at the center of a N-sided regular polygon of side is = , both outside of the plane with proper directions as inferred by right hand ...