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Part of a ladder diagram, including contacts and coils, compares, timers and monostable multivibrators. Ladder logic is widely used to program PLCs, where sequential control of a process or manufacturing operation is required. Ladder logic is useful for simple but critical control systems or for reworking old hardwired relay circuits. As ...
Example Ladder Logic Diagram. The schematic diagrams for relay logic circuits are often called line diagrams, because the inputs and outputs are essentially drawn in a series of lines. A relay logic circuit is an electrical network consisting of lines, or rungs, in which each line or rung must have continuity to enable the output device. A ...
It is also possible to insert LD (Ladder Diagram) actions inside an SFC program (and this is the standard way, for instance, to work on integer variables). SFC is an inherently parallel programming language in that multiple control flows — Program Organization Units (POUs) in the standard's parlance — can be active at once.
Ladder diagram (LD), graphical; Function block diagram (FBD), graphical; Structured text (ST), textual; Instruction list (IL), textual (deprecated in 3rd edition of the standard [3]) Sequential function chart (SFC), has elements to organize programs for sequential and parallel control processing, graphical.
Similarly, a parallel set of instructions will perform a logical OR. In an electromechanical relay wiring diagram, a group of contacts controlling one coil is called a "rung" of a "ladder diagram", and this concept is also used to describe PLC logic. Some models of PLC limit the number of series and parallel instructions in one "rung" of logic.
Ladder logic diagrams were developed in response to the increasing complexity of programmable logic devices, but the logic depicted could be implemented in relay logic if one felt the urge. Indeed the start/stop switch example is still often implemented using two push buttons and a relay (or contactor) using exactly the correct logic depicted ...
A control loop is the fundamental building block of control systems in general and industrial control systems in particular. It consists of the process sensor, the controller function, and the final control element (FCE) which controls the process necessary to automatically adjust the value of a measured process variable (PV) to equal the value of a desired set-point (SP).
A motor controller is a device or group of devices that can coordinate in a predetermined manner the performance of an electric motor. [1] A motor controller might include a manual or automatic means for starting and stopping the motor, selecting forward or reverse rotation, selecting and regulating the speed, regulating or limiting the torque, and protecting against overloads and electrical ...