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The number of transfer units (NTU) method is used to calculate the rate of heat transfer in heat exchangers (especially parallel flow, counter current, and cross-flow exchangers) when there is insufficient information to calculate the log mean temperature difference (LMTD). Alternatively, this method is useful for determining the expected heat ...
Example: To find 0.69, one would look down the rows to find 0.6 and then across the columns to 0.09 which would yield a probability of 0.25490 for a cumulative from mean table or 0.75490 from a cumulative table. To find a negative value such as -0.83, one could use a cumulative table for negative z-values [3] which yield a probability of 0.20327.
Conversely, if is a normal deviate with parameters and , then this distribution can be re-scaled and shifted via the formula = / to convert it to the standard normal distribution. This variate is also called the standardized form of X {\textstyle X} .
In statistics, the Q-function is the tail distribution function of the standard normal distribution. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In other words, Q ( x ) {\displaystyle Q(x)} is the probability that a normal (Gaussian) random variable will obtain a value larger than x {\displaystyle x} standard deviations.
The following table lists values for t distributions with ν degrees of freedom for a range of one-sided or two-sided critical regions. The first column is ν , the percentages along the top are confidence levels α , {\displaystyle \ \alpha \ ,} and the numbers in the body of the table are the t α , n − 1 {\displaystyle t_{\alpha ,n-1 ...
In probability and statistics, the truncated normal distribution is the probability distribution derived from that of a normally distributed random variable by bounding the random variable from either below or above (or both). The truncated normal distribution has wide applications in statistics and econometrics.
Sturges's rule [1] is a method to choose the number of bins for a histogram.Given observations, Sturges's rule suggests using ^ = + bins in the histogram. This rule is widely employed in data analysis software including Python [2] and R, where it is the default bin selection method.
Plot of probit function. In probability theory and statistics, the probit function is the quantile function associated with the standard normal distribution.It has applications in data analysis and machine learning, in particular exploratory statistical graphics and specialized regression modeling of binary response variables.