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XY complete gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, is a type of defect hypogonadism in a person whose karyotype is 46,XY. Though they typically have normal vulvas, [1] the person has underdeveloped gonads, fibrous tissue termed "streak gonads", and if left untreated, will not experience puberty.
Turner syndrome was first described independently by Otto Ulrich in 1930 and Henry Turner in 1938. [ 29 ] 46,XX pure gonadal dysgenesis was first reported in 1960. [ 29 ] 46,XY pure gonadal dysgenesis, also known as Swyer syndrome, was first described by Gim Swyer in 1955.
Meanwhile, XY gonadal dysgenesis is known as PGD, 46,XY or Swyer syndrome. Patients with PGD have a normal chromosomal constellation but may have localized genetic alterations. XX gonadal dysgenesis is related to Swyer syndrome, since both conditions have the same phenotype and clinical issues; however in Swyer syndrome the karyotype is 46,XY ...
Swyer–James syndrome (SJS), also called Swyer–James–MacLeod syndrome, is a rare disease of the lungs, characterized by a small lung or part of lung. [1] Typical symptoms are of recurrent respiratory tract infections , but some have no symptoms.
XX male syndrome, also known as de la Chapelle syndrome, is a rare intersex condition in which an individual with a 46,XX karyotype develops a male phenotype. [2] Synonyms for XX male syndrome include 46,XX testicular difference of sex development (or 46,XX DSD) [3] [4] [5] [6]
Denys–Drash syndrome and the related Frasier syndrome – similar rare conditions arising from de novo autosomal dominant mutations in the WT1 gene, causing symptoms ranging from undervirilization to complete sex reversal with persistent Müllerian ducts in affected 46,XY males (but not in 46,XX females). [37]
Hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (HH), also known as primary or peripheral/gonadal hypogonadism or primary gonadal failure, is a condition which is characterized by hypogonadism which is due to an impaired response of the gonads to the gonadotropins, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and in turn a lack of sex steroid production. [1]
Pseudohermaphroditism is an outdated [1] term for when an individual's gonads were mismatched with their internal reproductive system and/or external genitalia. The term was contrasted with "true hermaphroditism" (now known as ovotesticular syndrome), a condition describing an individual with both female and male reproductive gonadal tissues.