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[1] [3] By the 1960s had an estimated 80 percent of the black hair-care market and annual sales of $12.6 million by 1970. [1] In 1971, JPC went public and was the first African American owned company to trade on the American Stock Exchange. [1] [5] The company's most well-known product was Afro Sheen for natural hair when afros became popular.
In 1954, at the encouragement of co-worker, Johnson left the Fuller company and founded Johnson Products with his wife Joan, [8] focusing on the African American male hair care market. Johnson borrowed $250 from a bank and another $250 from a friend to finance the venture. [5] The company's first product was Ultra Wave, a hair relaxer for men.
He first established the Black radio station XHRM 92.5 in 1979, before starting the San Diego Monitor newspaper in 1986. [ 5 ] [ 9 ] Various items in his collection of antique hairstyling tools were displayed in a museum exhibit about African American hair culture at the California Center for the Arts, Escondido , in 2016.
He also observed that the liquid worked on his neighbor's dog and his own hair. [20] He made the liquid into a refining cream and launched the G. A. Morgan Hair Refining Company to market it. Morgan received great success and added other products including "hair-growing" cream, black hair oil dye, and a curved-tooth comb for hair straightening ...
Marjorie Joyner (née Stewart; October 24, 1896 – December 27, 1994) was an American businesswoman, hair care entrepreneur, philanthropist, educator, and activist.Joyner is noted for being the first African-American woman to create and patent a permanent hair-wave machine. [2]
Annie Minerva Turnbo Malone (August 9, 1877 [2] [3] – May 10, 1957) [4] was an American businesswoman, inventor and philanthropist. [5] [6] In the first three decades of the 20th century, she founded and developed a large and prominent commercial and educational enterprise centered on cosmetics for African-American women.
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Invented an early version of a gas mask called a smoke hood, and created the first traffic light that included a third "warning" position which is standard today. Morgan also developed a chemical that was used in hair products for hair-straightening. [148] [149] Nriagu, Jerome: 1944– Geochemist