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In aviation, ceiling is a measurement of the height of the base of the lowest clouds (not to be confused with cloud base which has a specific definition) that cover more than half of the sky (more than 4 oktas) relative to the ground.
Most commercial jetliners have a service (or certified) ceiling of under 45,000 ft (13,700 m) [3] and some business jets about 51,000 ft (15.5 km; 9.7 mi). [4] Before its retirement, the Concorde supersonic transport (SST) (as well as the Tupolev Tu-144 before it was retired) routinely flew at 60,000 ft (18.3 km; 11.4 mi).
The boundary criteria between IMC and VMC are known as the VMC minima and are defined by: visibility, cloud ceilings (for takeoffs and landings), and cloud clearances. The exact requirements vary by type of airspace, whether it is day or night (for countries that permit night VFR), and from country to country. Typical visibility requirements ...
The height of the cloud base can be measured using a ceilometer. This device reflects a beam of light off the cloud base and then calculates its distance using either triangulation or travel time . Alternatively, the cloud base can be estimated from surface measurements of air temperature and humidity by calculating the lifted condensation level .
The A-10 can loiter for extended periods and operate under 1,000-foot (300 m) ceilings with 1.5-mile (2.4 km) visibility. It typically flies at a relatively low speed of 300 knots (350 mph; 560 km/h), which makes it a better platform for the ground-attack role than fast fighter-bombers, which often have difficulty targeting small, slow-moving ...
In aviation, atmospheric sciences and broadcasting, a height above ground level (AGL [1] or HAGL) is a height measured with respect to the underlying ground surface.This is as opposed to height above mean sea level (AMSL or HAMSL), height above ellipsoid (HAE, as reported by a GPS receiver), or height above average terrain (AAT or HAAT, in broadcast engineering).
The cloud height, more commonly known as cloud thickness or depth, is the distance between the cloud base and the cloud top. [1] It is traditionally expressed either in metres or as a pressure difference in hectopascal (hPa, equivalent to millibar ).
A subset of the dropped ceiling is the suspended ceiling, wherein a network of aluminum struts, as opposed to drywall, are attached to the joists, forming a series of rectangular spaces. Individual pieces of cardboard are then placed inside the bottom of those spaces so that the outer side of the cardboard, interspersed with aluminum rails, is ...